![]() ![]() It is driven by a combination of intrinsic genetically regulated processes, particularly important during early phases of neurite extension, that are then dynamically influenced by a multitude of extrinsic cues, including activity-dependent regulation. This is evidenced by a substantial body of research correlating alterations in dendrites and dendritic spines with the severity of cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.ĭendrite formation is a relatively late and extended developmental event, after a prolonged period of proliferation, that follows a broadly stereotypic pattern for all neurons. As a result, changes in dendritic arborisation, or the formation of dendritic spines, have a dramatic effect on brain function. Finally, we discuss key regulators of neuronal arborisation that could link to neurodevelopmental disease and the potential for pharmacological modification of arborisation and the formation of synaptic connections that may provide therapeutic benefit in the future.ĭendritic arbours, together with dendritic spines in spiny neurons, are fundamental in regulating both the information received by a neuron and the way that this information is processed and acted upon. In addition, we explore the developmentally specific mechanisms by which neuronal arborisation is regulated. Here, we summarise the evidence for disrupted neuronal arborisation in these conditions, focusing primarily on the cortex and hippocampus. ![]() Disrupted arborisation and synapse formation are commonly reported in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuronal arborisation is a process of dendrite and axon extension that is essential for the connectivity between neurons that underlies normal brain function. Despite this complex aetiology, and the equally complex array of syndromes and conditions diagnosed under the heading of neurodevelopmental disorder, there are parallels in the neuropathology of these conditions that suggest overlapping mechanisms of cellular injury and dysfunction. Neurodevelopmental disorders can derive from a complex combination of genetic variation and environmental pressures on key developmental processes. ![]()
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